Labor migration presents both challenges and opportunities in today’s global world. As the scale, scope, and complexity of the phenomenon have grown, states and other stakeholders have become aware of these challenges and opportunities with the growing realization that economic, social, and cultural benefits can be realized and negative consequences can be minimized. According to the World Bank’s and Remittances Factbook, 2008, the global remittance flow has increased phenomenally over the past three and a half decades. From US$2 billion in 1970, it increased to US$131.5 billion by 2000 and had reached US$317.7 billion in 2007, of which US$239.7 billion went to the developing countries. These figures do not reflect the unrecorded flow through unofficial channels at the global level that may account for an additional 50 percent (World Bank 2008, 17).
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